The phenomena of smoke and smog is created when tiny particles become concentrated in the air. These particles are commonly referred to as PM10. PM10 refers to the size of these particles, i.e.; the particles are less than 10 microns in diameter - that is less than a fifth of the width of a human hair. These particles are commonly produced as by-products of combustion and can come from vehicle exhausts, industry, outdoor burning and domestic fires (coal and wood). There are also ‘natural’ sources of PM10, which include sea spray and dust particles. PM10 is a problem in winter because domestic heating in the form of wood and coal fires increases. Wood is a valuable fuel source for Marlborough and its urban centers, but in order to ensure clean air and warm homes more efficient, cleaner methods of burning wood are required. Winter is also when Marlborough experiences inversion events. Inversion events are characterized by cold, still, frosty nights. An inversion layer acts to trap air pollutants, in this case PM10, and thereby increases its concentration. Normally, hot air rises and disperses pollutants upwards but during a temperature inversion event a layer of warm air traps the movement of pollutants, effectively creating a ceiling and concentrating the pollutants close to ground level. The height of the inversion layer is not fixed and can vary. Often an inversion layer can be visible when a plume of smoke is seen to rise and then stops and moves sideways as though it has just hit an invisible ceiling.

Smog is composed of a mixture of air pollutants which can endanger human health. Various human health problems such as emphysema, asthma, chronic bronchitis, lung infections, and cancers are caused or exacerbated by the effects of smog. The effects include: Coughing and irritation of the eyes, chest, nose and throat: High ozone levels can irritate the respiratory system leading to coughing and wheezing.

 These effects generally last for only a few days after exposure, but the particles in the smog can continue to damage the lungs even after the irritations disappear. Aggravation of asthma: Asthma conditions are severely worsened by smog and can trigger asthma attacks. Breathing difficulties and lung damage: Bronchitis, pneumonia and emphysema are some of the lung conditions linked to the effects of smog as it damages the lining of the lungs. Smog also makes it difficult for people to breathe properly. Premature deaths because of respiratory and cancer diseases: A 2013 WHO report indicated that cumulative exposure to smog heightens the chances of premature death from cancers and respiratory diseases. Thousands of premature deaths in the United States, Europe, and Asian countries are linked to inhalation of smog particles. Such chemical particles include benzene, formaldehyde, and butadiene which are all comprised of cancer-causing carcinogens. Smog inhibits the growth of plants and can lead to extensive damage to crops, trees, and vegetation. When crops and vegetables such as wheat, soybeans, tomatoes, peanuts, cotton and kales are exposed to smog, it interferes with their ability to fight infections thus increasing susceptibility to diseases.

As originally coined in 1905 by Des Voeux, a natural fog contaminated by industrial pollutants, a mixture of smoke and fog. Today, it is the common term applied to problematical, largely urban, air pollution with or without the “natural fog”, however, some visible manifestation is almost always implied. The word 'smog', described stagnant, pollution-laden air masses. Smog is produced as automobile exhausts build up when weather conditions produce stagnant air masses that do not allow exhausts to disburse. Hence cars are the basic cause of smog. Nitrous oxides and hydrocarbons are given off by the combustion of petroleum. Harmless at first, exposure to sunlight for an hour or so creates an interaction between the two that produces the photochemical oxides popularly referred to as smog. In simple words smog is a form of air pollution, resulting from chemical toxins dispersed into the atmosphere.

By purchasing renewable energy, it helps in the reduction of emissions from power generating plants that heavily depend on fossil fuel. In other words, the use of renewable energy not only reduces environmental impacts but also trims down the presence of smog causing pollutants in the air.

As much as smog is easily visible when it’s present in the atmosphere, the use of appropriate smog detectors and monitoring systems can act as early warning systems. Respective metrological departments can help with this by installing monitoring equipment that consistently records the amount of emission and particulate matter in the air.

Among the socio-economic impacts of smog on human health that can be quantified are medical treatment costs and lost worker productivity associated with hospital admissions and emergency department visits due to respiratory and cardiac illnesses. Chief Minister Punjab Shahbaz Sharif has reached out to his Indian counterpart and invited him to enter a regional cooperation agreement to tackle the issue of smog and environmental pollution. In a healthy vision towards healthy nation and universe on November 19, Shahbaz Sharif addressed that the people of Pakistani and Indian Punjab have been facing the problem of smog during the months of October and November and getting fully illness by influenza, chest & eyes infection & people are not recovering good health with the ordinary medicine due to smog and they have to spend a huge money to maintain the health of himself and their full family because poor people are unable to have all the vitamins for the healthy life.

In this Regard the labor power cannot make a good survival for giving good technical working gesture towards industry and industrialization, consequently the worth of national capital in the shape of spending energies like electricity and gas that get turned into molesting shape and unable to draw the productive result with their setup of industry and gradually 48 gusted holidays and economic instability reference political dharnas (Strikes) the Pakistan cannot make the successful survival even FBR cannot recover the tax from the country although they focus tax collection by their electricity bills but unfortunately the corrupt LESCO revenue officers do not maintain their billing accordingly and over billing causes tax collecting department as a burden of those people which really suffered by their meter reading and revenue department as well as this problem is same in our neighbor countries so in subcontinent the dialogues of South Asian regional cooperation need to get mature for the common interest of an ordinary man to make the better survival of their countries resources or environmental resources strictly play their vital role to get rid of this type of situational moments which can harmful for the growth of a country and the health of a common man.